Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Information Resources Management (OIRM) Publication_Date: 1994 Title: 1:250,000 Scale Quadrangles of Landuse/Landcover GIRAS Spatial Data in the Conterminous United States Description: Abstract: This is land use/land cover digital data collected by USGS and converted to ARC/INFO by the EPA. This data is useful for environmental assessment of land use patterns with respect to water quality analysis, growth management, and other types of environmental impact assessment. Use may be limited due to currency. Land use and land cover data LU/LC collected by the USGS NMD is useful for environmental assessment of land use patterns with respect to water quality analysis, growth management, and other types of environmental impact assessment. Data are meant to be used by quadrangle, or among adjacent quadrangles where temporally contiguous. Can be used in any geographic application where intermediate scale land use data are appropriate and the dates are representative. Each quadrangle of land use data has a different representative date. Date ranges from mid 1970s to early 1980s are common. When joined together these quadrangles will not likely match along edges due to differences in interpretation and time coverage. Edges of each map file were manually digitized and may not join neighboring maps. If GIRASNEAT program has been applied (see LOG at end) then edges have been mathematically recalculated to join without overlap or gaps in coverage with adjacent maps. The GIRAS series can include several themes of spatial data. The most common, described here, is the land use and land cover data. Land use was mapped and coded using the Anderson classification system (Anderson others,1976) which is a hierarchical system of general (level 1) to more specific (level 2) characterization. Some agencies have taken this to a level 3 classification -- but this has not been done in the GIRAS series. The salient attribute managed for this polygon data set in the polygon attribute table (PAT) is the column named LUCODE containing the Anderson level 2 classification. The first digit represents the level one value and the second digit (ones place) represents the subdivision of the level 1 or level 2 value. The Anderson land use codes are: 1 Urban or built-up land 11 Residential 12 Commercial and services 13 Industrial 14 Transportation, communication, utilities 15 Industrial and commercial complexes 16 Mixed urban or built-up land 17 Other urban or built-up land 2 Agricultural land 21 Cropland and pasture 22 Orchards, groves, vineyards, nurseries, and ornamental horticultural 23 Confined feeeding operations 24 Other agricultural land 3 Rangeland 31 Herbaceous rangeland 32 Shrub and brush rangeland 33 Mixed rangeland 4 Forest land 41 Deciduous forest land 42 Evergreen forest land 43 Mixed forest land 5 Water 51 Streams and canals 52 Lakes 53 Reservoirs 54 Bays and estuaries 6 Wetland 61 Forested wetland 62 Nonforested wetland 7 Barren land 71 Dry salt flats 72 Beaches 73 Sandy areas not beaches 74 Bare exposed rock 75 Strip mines, quarries, gravel pits 76 Transitional areas 8 Tundra 81 Shrub and brush tundra 82 Herbaceous tundra 83 Bare ground 84 Wet tundra 85 Mixed tundra 9 Perennial snow or ice 91 Perennial snowfields 92 Glaciers Purpose: To convert the GIRAS data into EPA's standard Geographic Information System (GIS) called ARC/INFO software from ESRI. Supplemental_Information: Intended use of data: This data layer is intended to be used with ARC/INFO Geographic Information System (GIS) applications. References_Cited: None. Limitations_of_Data: Conterminous United States. Procedures: GIRAS files are received by the USGS in 9-track ASCII format, one file per quadrangle. Files are loaded onto the hard disk of the computer from tape. Data are then processed with the GIRASARC2 program written in ARC Macro Language (AML), part of the ARC/INFO geographic information system. This program was written by the USGS Water Resources Division to process the data into a consistent ARC/INFO format with a minimum of intervention. This GIRASARC2 AML program does the following: - converts the GIRAS data to ARC/INFO coverages - reconstructs topology, creating line and polygon features - transforms the coverage into Universal Transverse Mercator and then, optionally into Albers Equal Area, using the registration points listed in the GIRAS file - notes transformation error, writing it to the bottom of the narrative file - generates a synthetic neatline based on the mathematically-determined corners of the map - loads available documentation into a series of companion documentation files with each data set - data may then be clipped against, or extended to, the synthetic neatline for ease in merging adjacent maps at a later date. This GIRASNEAT AML program does the following: - standardizes processing of coverages after use of GIRASARC2 AML - clips in-cover with neatline cover - dissolves polygon boundaries between polygon with the same item attribute - snaps exterior arcs to the arcs of the neatline cover with a tolerance of 40 meters Original conversion from GIRAS to ARC (see LOG for date and user ID). Data are reviewed visually by the user responsible for executing the GIRASARC2 program. The GIRASARC2 and GIRASNEAT programs were executed in AML to create this data set. The following functions were performed by the Systems Development Center (SDC): - the DOCUMENT AML (version 1.0) was used to manage the documentation and create this metadata file - data were projected from NAD27 to NAD83 - data were inserted into the EPA Spatial Data Library System (ESDLS) Version 3.0 US250K library, tiled by 1:250K quadrangle boundaries. Data Anomalies: None. Reviews_Applied: Product Assurance in the Systems Development Center applied reviews as follows: - visual inspection of the data via Arc Plot. - verification of associated attributes via Arc Plot's IDENTIFY command. - projection verification via Arc Describe. Other_Related_Data_Sets: None. Notes: None. Other: None. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1977 Ending_Date: 1980 (early 1980's) Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: unknown Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -125.0000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -66.0000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 50.0000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.0000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: land Theme_Keyword: landuse Theme_Keyword: landcover Theme_Keyword: GIRAS Theme_Keyword: digital Theme_Keyword: geographic Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: United States (US) (USA) Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Conterminous United States (CONUS) Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: None. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency would be appreciated. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: United States Environmental Protection Agency Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 401 M. Street SW City: Washington, DC State_or_Province: DC Postal_Code: 20460 Contact_Voice_Telephone: Please use email nsdi@epamail.epa.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: quadsusa.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: This graphic shows the outline of CONUS and the outline of the 450 plus 1:250,000 scale (1 degree latitude by 2 degree longitude) land use/land cover quadrangles. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: thief.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: This graphic shows the outline of the land use/land cover classification polygons for the Thief River Falls quadrangle in northwestern Minnesota. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: lucode.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: This graphic shows the outline of the land use/land cover classification polygons and the classification code identifying each polygon. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Native_Data_Set_Environment: GIRAS files were received from the USGS on 9-track ASCII formatted tape, one file per quadrangle. These tape files were transferred to an IBM390 computer with several gigabytes of magnetic disk. Each quadrangle file was then transferred using file transfer protocol (FTP) on the Internet to a Data General 5240 UNIX server to be processed. The processing was done with the GIS software ARC/INFO version 6. The processed datasets were then FTP transferred to a Data General 9500 server for public access using a WWW server Mosaic version 2.1 software. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: James R. Anderson, Ernest E. Hardy, John T. Roach, and Richard E. Witmer Publication_Date: 1976 Title: A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 964 Online_Linkage: Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 1990 Title: USGeoData 1:250,000 and 1:100,000 Scale Land Use and Land Cover and Associated Maps Digital Data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Polygon and chain-node topology present. Completeness_Report: See Data Set Description Section. The Palestine Quadrangle in Texas was not processed due to errors in the raw GIRAS data. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Example of the GIS process for the KENORA Quadrangle. Each spatial data set has its own log file of this process. GIRASARC KENORA TMPCOV BUILD TMPCOV POLY CREATE KENLL PROJECT COVER KENLL /EXDISK2/ED/GIRASNEW/WORK/KEN TRANSFORM TMPCOV /EXDISK2/ED/GIRASNEW/WORK/KEN RENAME KEN KENU PROJECT COVER KENU KEN BUILD KEN POLY GIRASDOCUMENT KEN ED GIRASARC2 KENORA KEN ALBERS -96 00 00 ED CLIP KEN KENNL XXCOV POLY 1 GIRASARC KENORA TMPCOV BUILD TMPCOV POLY CREATE KENLL PROJECT COVER KENLL /EXDISK2/ED/GIRASNEW/WORK/KEN TRANSFORM TMPCOV /EXDISK2/ED/GIRASNEW/WORK/KEN RENAME KEN KENU PROJECT COVER KENU KEN BUILD KEN POLY GIRASDOCUMENT KEN ED GIRASARC2 KENORA KEN ALBERS -96 00 00 ED CLIP KEN KENNL XXCOV POLY 1 COPY XXCOV LKE49094 BUILD LKE49094 LINE ARCEDIT /EXDISK2/ED/GIRASNEW/WORK/LKE49094 BUILD LKE49094 POLY GIRASNEAT KEN LKE49094 KENNL # SNAP ED Process_Date: 1993 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area Albers_Conical_Equal_Area: Standard_Parallel: 29.5 Standard_Parallel: 45.5 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23 False_Easting: 0.00000 False_Northing: 0.00000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6,378,137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: name.PAT where "name" is a user supplied string Entity_Type_Definition: Standard ARC/INFO polygon attribute table Entity_Type_Definition_Source: GIRAS digital data Attribute: Attribute_Label: AREA Attribute_Definition: Area of polygons Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: positive real number almost zero but not zero Range_Domain_Maximum: positive real number but no larger than the area of the quadrangle in square meters Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: PERIMETER Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of polygons Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: positive real number almost zero but not zero Range_Domain_Maximum: positive real number but no larger than the perimeter of the quadrangle in meters Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: name# where "name" is user supplied character string Attribute_Definition: Internal database feature number Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: zero Range_Domain_Maximum: unique positive integer Attribute_Units_of_Measure: none Attribute: Attribute_Label: name-ID where "name" is user supplied character string Attribute_Definition: User-assigned polygon identification number Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: one Range_Domain_Maximum: Unique positive integer Attribute_Units_of_Measure: none Attribute: Attribute_Label: LUCODE Attribute_Definition: Land use classification code number Attribute_Definition_Source: GIRAS Attribute_Domain_Values: Codeset_Domain: Codeset_Name: Anderson landuse classification codes Codeset_Source: see Publication_Information U.S.G.S. paper 964 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: See the attached attribute list. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: See Entity_and_Attribute_Information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: United States Environmental Protection Agency Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 401 M. Street SW City: Washington, DC State_or_Province: DC Postal_Code: 20460 Contact_Voice_Telephone: Please use email nsdi@epamail.epa.gov Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. EPA, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the EPA regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ARCE Format_Information_Content: Files are compressed with the GNU-zip public domain software compression utility Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: Anonymous FTP to EPA's Public-Domain Spatial Data Area. Fees: none. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 19950711 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: United States Environmental Protection Agency Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 401 M. Street SW City: Washington, DC State_or_Province: DC Postal_Code: 20460 Contact_Voice_Telephone: Please use email nsdi@epamail.epa.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: 19940608 Generated by mp on Thu Oct 30 09:59:40 1997